![]() ![]() Decline in numbers of armed conflicts since the early 1990s has not been matched by a global decline in homicide rates. On a global level, criminal violence is far more widespread than organized political violence. In a complex web of fragmented violence, militias and other local powerbrokers fight for control of power and resources and exploit opportunities offered by insecurity and war economy. Traditional distinctions between politico-military groups contesting control over territory or government and criminal actors prioritizing illicit profit become less relevant in conflict areas, especially in dysfunctional or failed states. Growing reliance by armed non-state actors on shadow economic activity contributes to the erosion of boundaries between political and criminal violence. Criminal groups and profit-driven motives account for a substantial proportion of violence in many areas of armed conflict.
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